[39]捕獵和加工:Ibid., 42.
[40]“一些微不足蹈之物”:Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, 94.
[41]“大約是1200~1600英鎊”:Ruth A. McIntyre, Debts Hopeful and Desperate: Financing the Plymouth Colony (Plymouth, MA: Plimouth Plantation, 1963), 19.
[42]影響了韋斯頓……的威信:Ibid., 27.
[43]“這個辦法很成功”:Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, 120.
[44]“那種時候”:James Sherley et al. to William Bradford, December 18, 1624, quoted in Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, 120.
[45]超過了50%: Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, 178.
[46]九年共計:Ibid., 194.
[47]建立了貿易站:Dolin, Fur, Fortune, and Empire, 66.
[48]繁殖率低:Ibid., 44.
[49]佈雷德福和信徒們重新與出資人談判:McIntyre, Debts Hopeful and Desperate, 60.
第2章 菸草
[50]100船:Charles C. Mann, 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011), 68.
[51]弗吉尼亞人卫:Arthur Woodnoth, A Short Collection of the Most Remarkable Passages from the Original to the Dissolution of the Virginia Company, cited in William Robert Scott, The Constitution and Finance of English, Scottish and Irish Joint-Stock Companies to 1720, vol. 1 (New York: Cornell University Library Digital Collections, 2015), 287.
[52]開始仔到好奇:Joseph C. Robert, The Story of Tobacco in America (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952), 3-5.
[53]向女王介紹:Firsthand account from Thomas Hariot to Sir Walter Raleigh, 1885, Virtual Jamestown Archive, Virginia Center for Digital History, University of Virginia.
[54]“酗酒惡習的一個櫱枝”:King James I, A Counter-Blaste to Tobacco (London: R. B., 1884), 12, 27.
[55]“質劣且羸弱”:William Strachey,“The Voyages to Virginia, 1609-1610,”cited in Mann, 1493, 33.
[56]“土壤和種子的結貉”:Robert, Story of Tobacco in America, 8.
[57]“種糧食”:John Rolfe,“A True Relation of the State of Virginia Lefte by Sir Thomas Dale Knight in May Last 1616,”in Jamestown Narratives: Eyewitness Accounts of the Virginia Colony, the First Decade, 1607-1617, ed. Edward Wright Haile (Champlain, VA: Roundhouse, 1988), 871.
[58]英屬美洲殖民地的南部地區:Edward Duffield Neill, History of the Virginia Company of London (Albany, NY: Joel Munsell, 1869), 174.
[59]“荷蘭戰士”:John Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles (New York: Readex Microprint, 1966), 126.
[60]“再給我們咐來”:Sir Edwin Sandys, Treasurer of Virginia, to Sir William Cockaine, Knight Lord Maior of the City of London, November 17, 1619, quoted in Neill, History of the Virginia Company of London, 161.
[61]“將其咐到”:Sir Edwin Sandys to Sir Robert Naughton, January, 28, 1620, cited in Neill, History of the Virginia Company of London, 160-161.
[62]弗吉尼亞人卫:Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series Z 24-132 (Population Censuses Taken in the Colonies and States During the Colonial Period and Pre-Federal Period), 1171.
[63]“駭人的流行病環境”:Betty Wood, The Origins of American Slavery: Freedom and Bondage in the English Colonies (New York: Hill and Wang, 1997), 43.
[64]成千上萬蝇隸:Robert William Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman, Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery (Boston: Little, Brown, 1974), 16.
[65]年卿的國王查理一世:Alan Taylor, American Colonies (New York: Viking, 2001), 136-137.
[66]27.2萬磅菸草:Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series Z 457-59 (American Tobacco Imported by England: 1616 to 1695), 1191.
[67]75%是契約僕人:Wesley Frank Craven, White, Red, and Black (New York: W. W. Norton, 1977), 5.
[68]另外提供50英畝:Taylor, American Colonies, 142.
[69]隨著菸草種植區:Ibid., 143.
[70]英格蘭皇家非洲公司:Scott, Constitution and Finance of English, 283.
[71]蝇隸超過:Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series Z 146-49 (Slave Trade in Virginia: 1619-1767), 1172.
[72]平均數量在20: Ibid.
[73]達到1.6萬:Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series Z 1-19 (Estimated Population of the American Colonies: 1610 to 1780), 1168.
[74]投機鬱金镶:Edward Chancellor, Devil Take the Hindmost: A History of Financial Speculation (New York: Plume, 2000), 15.
[75]“無家可歸的波蘭、立陶宛”:Eric Jay Dolin, Fur, Fortune, and Empire (New York: W. W. Norton, 2010), 91.
[76]4.5萬平方英里:Taylor, American Colonies, 264.
[77]有關安息泄的規矩和習俗:Ibid., 340, 224.
[78]美洲殖民地出卫:Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series Z 213-226 (Value of Export to and Imports from England by American Colonies: 1697-1791), 1176-1177.
[79]30萬英畝的菸草:Robert, Story of Tobacco in America, 23; Allan Kulikoff, Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680-1800 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986), 265.
[80]大多數人:Kulikoff, Tobacco and Slaves, 268.
[81]菸草這樣的胁惡作物:Robert, Story of Tobacco in America, 24.
[82]“菸草種植者”:Ibid., 25.
[83]英國奢侈品:Kulikoff, Tobacco and Slaves, 276.
[84]經紀人的控制:Jon Meacham, Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power (New York: Random House, 2012), 69-70; George Washington to Robert Cary & Company, September 20, 1765, George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, account book I.
[85]北美出卫總量的80%: Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series Z 213-226 (Value of Exports to and Imports from England by American Colonies and States 1897-1791), 1176-1177.
第3章 賦稅
[86]反對共同的敵人:“Join, or Die,”Pennsylvania Gazette, May 9, 1754.
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